Viac ako 50 % diabetikov trpí problémami so zrakom. Ich počet neustále rastie
BRATISLAVA/ADMIN – Podľa štatistík Národného centra zdravotníckych informácií (NCZI) má na Slovensku potvrdenú cukrovku 349-tisíc ľudí. Viac ako 50 % z nich má problémy so zrakom a ich počet naďalej rastie. Hlavnými príčinami sú zlá životospráva a nedostatočné kontroly zraku.
Od roku 1980 sa počet ľudí trpiacich cukrovkou zvýšil o 200 %. Dôvodom nie je len lepšia diagnostika a dostupnosť zdravotnej starostlivosti, ale aj výrazná zmena životného štýlu. S rastúcim počtom pacientov stúpa aj počet tých, ktorí majú ťažkosti so zrakom. Kým v minulosti išlo približne o tretinu pacientov, dnes je to takmer polovica.
„Ochorenie sietnice oka (retinopatia) aktuálne postihuje polovicu diabetikov. Ich počet však naďalej narastá. Medzi prvé príznaky patrí poškodenie ciev vlásočníc (mikroaneuryzmy), môže sa objaviť aj diabetický edém makuly, ktorý zhoršuje zrakovú ostrosť,“ konštatuje Lenka Petruchová, optometristka optík a e-shopu Alensa.
Väčšina ľudí si nevšimne jeden z najčastejších prvotných príznakov cukrovky – náhlu zmenu zrakovej ostrosti počas dňa. Zvýšená hladina cukru v krvi ovplyvňuje optické vlastnosti oka, čo môže viesť k tomu, že ráno vidíme rozmazanejšie než popoludní. Medzi prejavy poškodenia sietnice patrí neostré, rozmazané či deformované videnie, často aj tmavé škvrny v zornom poli alebo znížená sýtosť farieb.
Prehliadky sú kľúčové
Komplikáciám či strate zraku sa dá predchádzať. Základom sú pravidelné očné prehliadky a zdravší životný štýl. „Po 40. roku života by ste mali absolvovať očné vyšetrenie minimálne raz za dva roky. Ak trpíte cukrovkou, je vhodné navštíviť očného lekára každý rok. Apelujeme na verejnosť, aby nezanedbávala zrakové zdravie a pravidelne sa objednávala na preventívne prehliadky. Vyšetrenie je rýchle a bezbolestné,“ zdôrazňuje Lenka Petruchová.
Pravidelné kontroly pri liečbe cukrovky môžu pomôcť znížiť finančnú záťaž na zdravotnú starostlivosť, straty produktivity, predčasné úmrtia aj náklady spôsobené zníženou kvalitou života. Priemerné ročné náklady na pacienta s cukrovkou 1. typu sa v roku 2015 pohybovali okolo 3 000 eur, pričom v roku 2022 vzrástli na viac ako 3 800 eur. U pacientov s diabetom 2. typu boli náklady približne 2 000 eur v roku 2015 a do roku 2022 sa zvýšili na takmer 2 600 eur.
(Zdroj: Petr Langer, Alensa; Pripravila: Valéria Nagyová)
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